Obessive compulsive Disorder- and how it affects daily life Research Paper

Obessive impulsive Disorder-and how it influences day by day life - Research Paper Example OCD is a confusion of tension, portrayed by undesirable, wild considerations, and ritualized, tedious conduct that causes the influenced individual to feel as though they can't perform. An individual with such indications likewise feels that he can't break free or oppose from them. Like a needle that is stuck on old records, OCD sticks the mind to a specific desire or thought (National Institute for Mental Health 231). For instance, Joe, a bookkeeper in a specific firm continues seeing customers books, sometimes, in light of the fact that he fears that he may have missed something or done a numerical mistake. Therefore, this has brought down his profitability so much that the administration has given him with admonitions severally, yet he just can’t maintain a strategic distance from it. OCD is an ailment that disables both truly and intellectually. In spite of the fact that there are no physical signs, it eats in each wake second however numerous individuals endure alone and peacefully, as they are embarrassed to impart it to anybody, yet its impacts on the victim’s body are regularly terrible. A huge number of individuals are influenced on their consistent schedule as they battle to do their day by day errands that a significant number of us underestimate. Envision an individual showing up at his work place and promptly begin stressing that he might not have bolted the entryways or windows. This individual might be compelled to return home from time to time to guarantee that all is well. This at that point influences their work efficiency other than weariness. Contrasts among Obsessions and Compulsions Obsessions are wild automatic considerations, motivations or pictures that happen over and over in our psyches. Regardless of the amount you don’t need to have such considerations or thoughts since you know very well that they don’t bode well, you just can’t stop them. Sadly, they are diverting and upsetting. Then again, impul ses are ceremonies or conduct that drives somebody into accomplish something once in a while. These are essentially done trying to get rid of fixations. For instance, somebody who fears defilement may create cleaning ceremonies that are extremely intricate. Nonetheless, the alleviation doesn't last in light of the fact that the over the top considerations consistently return. Impulsive conduct ordinarily causes tension as they become additional tedious and requesting. Individuals with OCD are assembled into a few classes. These are; washers, who dread tainting and in this way creates hand-washing or cleaning impulses. Checkers continue checking at things they partner with risk or mischief. Heathens and cynics are normally apprehensive that if something isn't completely done, something terrible may occur, whiles arrangers and counters are evenness fixated that create strange notions about specific courses of action, hues or numbers. Hoarders are fixated by dread of something awful oc curring in the event that they discard anything. In this manner, they crowd things they neither use nor need. Reasons for OCD Scientists and specialists have not yet found what truly causes OCD. Be that as it may, ongoing exploration has clarified better OCD seeing along with its possible causes. Specialists accept that OCD is identified with serotin levels, an ordinary mind compound. Blockage of serotin’s typical stream the caution arrangement of the mind confounds and blows up to this data. Messages of threat are activated erroneously by such bogus cautions making the mind to harp on them, rather than as opposed to sifting them through. This makes the individual to encounter uncertainty and dread that is ridiculous. OCD is brought about by solid concern or uneasiness that demonstrations like a caution

Pilot Fatigue and its role in Aviation Safety Essay

Dynamic The point of this paper is to watch the developing worry of pilot weakness and the job it plays in avionics wellbeing. A short evaluation of the impacts and conceivable answer for this difficult will be completed. A notice of a portion of the episodes from the past will likewise discover its place in this paper. Presentation  â â â â â â â â          Aviation industry is on a developing binge and in the occasions to come there will be an ever increasing number of carriers filling the sky. As we move steps further towards globalization we are going to require this administration all the more every now and again which further presses our carriers. To handle with this circumstance, particularly when the accessibility of prepared pilots is not exactly required, the pilots are compelled to fly all the more as often as possible and for longer hours. This makes physical just as mental pressure development because of which the productivity of pilots diminishes. This non-pathologic state bringing about physical and mental pressure is known as ‘Fatigue’. Human body is consistently needing rest, particularly as rest, after ordinary interims of time. Any need the necessary rest makes exhaustion be created in one’s body. Because of weariness there can be an inclination of restlessness, tiredness or fatigue in an individual. This inclination if successful during flight hours can be extremely hazardous for the pilot as well as for the lives of the travelers going with him and can cause mishaps. The main answer for this difficult that has been known up until now and will ever be known in the occasions to come is adequate measure of rest. This tragically is the thing that the pilots are not getting nowadays and are not expected to get at any rate sooner rather than later.  â â â â â â â â â â        The discoveries from the past have demonstrated that weariness was liable for an enormous number of flying mishaps. As per an investigation completed by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) of flight mishaps identified with flight group in US from 1978 to 1990, one of the discoveries related the mishaps to weakness by expressing thatâ â€Å"Half the skippers for whom information were accessible had been conscious for over 12 hours preceding their mishaps. A large portion of the primary officials had been alert for over 11 hours. Groups involving commanders and first officials whose time since conscious was over the middle for their team position made more mistakes by and large, and fundamentally progressively procedural and strategic choice errors.† (Strauss, n.d.). Rest and Sleep Loss  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â It is basic for a human body to get the necessary measure of rest. Rest is viewed as a basic element of our existence without which it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to endure. At whatever point an individual doesn't get enough rest a sign is sent by cerebrum to the body which brings about Sleepiness. Eyelids begin to get heavier and there is exhaustion in the entire body. An individual begins to free focus and may even rest while he is on an occupation. On the off chance that there is a lack in dozing hours of an individual and assume each day an individual looses 1 hour of rest known as â€Å"Sleep Loss†, at that point it continues aggregating over days and results in what is known as â€Å"Sleep Debt†. This obligation if not cleared can cause major issues at last bringing about exhaustion. It has been found in explores that before flying a plane it is important to have adequate measure of rest (around 8 hours) for the pilots. On the off chance that they are permitted to fly consistently without getting the necessary measure of rest (or dozing hours) in the middle of their flying calendars, at that point weariness is well on the way to create in them bringing about, loss of fixation, memoryâ andâ sharpness, slow response time, decreased choice force, and awful state of mind. Every one of these elements are essential elements of committing errors and consequently causing mishaps. Team rest  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Fatigue begins to develop from the time one escapes rest. Improvement of weakness likewise relies upon the measure of time an individual was conscious before the real flight activity. A few times there are delays in flight timings because of a few reasons going from climate conditions to mechanical issues. This implies a pilot has been â€Å"on duty† for quite a while before loading up in the plane. Despite the fact that he might be flying the plane for the typical time allotment yet delay in flight timing has brought about him being associated with the exercises for any longer, which likewise brings about the pilot being exhausted. So also there might be an instance of air terminal blockage because of which a pilot can't land and needs to drift noticeable all around for quite a while or because of awful whether the plane should be diverted to some other goal making him fly for longer length than ordinary. These occasions likewise cause weakness to be created. In general the truth of the matter is that abundant measure of rest is basically required by the human body to keep it fit and weakness free.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"A brief survey of US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) flight time and rest rules for planned household business bearers (US Code Title 14, section 121.471) are as follows† (Strauss, n.d.).: Crewmember absolute flying time limit of: 1000 hours in any schedule year. 100 hours in any schedule month. 30 hours in any 7 successive days. 8 hours between required rest periods. Rest for booked trip during the 24 hours going before the fruition of any flight fragment: 9 sequential of hours rest for under 8 hours booked flight time. 10 hours rest for 8 hours or more, yet under 9 hours booked flight time. 11 hours rest for 9 hours or progressively planned flight time. Diet and sustenance  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â People everywhere throughout the world use espresso as an energizer to stay wakeful for longer timeframes. Same is the situation with pilots. To stay ready they typically devour espresso. The issue with espresso is that in spite of the fact that it keeps an individual caution, it can't keep body from getting worn out and along these lines exhausted. The body despite everything is in working condition for every one of these hours and henceforth the impact of espresso is brief readiness and not an answer for exhaustion. Additionally espresso is diuretic which implies that it releases a greater number of liquids than the stuff in and henceforth brings about drying out which is a reason for exhaustion. It is in every case great to keep your body fit by practicing yet there ought to be an adequate measure of rest and utilization of water followed by it as activities cause a ton of parchedness. Anyway parchedness can likewise be brought about by the way that inside the cockpit mugginess is very. There is consistently a reasonable eating regimen suggested for pilots as well as everybody. A pilot ought to consistently guarantee a solid eating regimen which gives adequate vitality just as supplements for his body. Hypoglycemia, which is brought about by low glucose levels, is a significant reason for feeling tiredness. A solid eating routine guarantees adequate degrees of glucose and along these lines vitality, forestalling hypoglycemia.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  ‘Finally, liquor is known to upset rest significantly and in this manner adds to the poor amount and nature of rest acquired on trip evenings. Elective ways to deal with the utilization of liquor to loosen up after obligation and advance rest ought to be recognized and offered (e.g., unwinding skills)’ (Rosekind, 1994). Different reasons for weakness  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â One of the most significant variables of causing exhaustion, other than rest obligation, is the flight deck condition. Inside the deck there are a great deal of elements adding to weariness, for example, lesser accessibility of room, variety in wind current, low barometrical weight, low mugginess and nearness of a ton of commotion and vibration. Likewise in present day airplanes some of extra highlights and frameworks have been joined which implies that the pilots need to deal with different frameworks bringing about more pressure. History of episodes There have been episodes in the past where weariness has demonstrated to not exclusively be risky yet in addition lethal. A legend in flying alludes to an episode when a pilot rested with his autopilot on and found on awakening that the plane was 2 hours from the closest goal with just a single hour of fuel left. This may simply be a story yet by and large examines have demonstrated weariness to be a reason for risky and lethal mishaps. A portion of the cases have been recorded underneath:- In June 1999 there was a runway mishap of American Airlines Flight 1420 in which 11 individuals kicked the bucket, including the airplane chief, and numerous wounds among the 145 travelers and group on board the flight KAL Flight 801 smashed in Guam on August 6, 1997, was principally because of an absence of situational mindfulness coming about in â€Å"controlled trip into territory (CFIT).† The skipper preceding traveling to Guam had flown from Seoul to Australia, back to Seoul, to Hong Kong, and afterward back to Seoul again before his portentous outing to Guam, including just a couple of long periods of rest in the middle. Cessna 177B Cardinal was flown by Joe Reid, pilot-in-order in which he, seven-year-old Jessica Dubroff and her dad were murdered. He experienced exhaustion the first day’s flight. On August 18, 1993, a Connie Kalitta DC-8 smashed on a 1/4-mile base leg to last. The flight group had been on the job for 18 hours and flown nine, consequently encountering rest misfortune and an interruption of their circadian rhythms. ‘On January 2, 1989, the skipper of a 707 attempted to move his plane to land in Salt Lake City in the wake of breaking out of the mists at 200 feet. He hauled his left, detachable motor on the runway, leaving a 60-foot-long section. Inside the previous 30

Early Action Deadline Approaching - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Early Action Deadline Approaching - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Deadline Approaching The Early Action deadline is approaching, so here are a few suggestions as we approach the deadline: Dont wait until the last minute. Even though the deadline is October 15, you should not wait until the last minute to submit your application. We do not hold it against you if you wait until 11:59PM on October 15 to apply, however if you do this you are not giving yourself any time to account for issues that could occur to prevent you from submitting. For example internetconnectivityissues, computer problems, etc. The deadline is the deadline, so you should always plan to apply earlier than the last minute. Also be sure to take time to review your application before you submit it. Please note while the application is available 24/7, the credit card payment option is only available from 7AM to 11:00 PM EST. You can still select the check/fee waiver option after 11:00 PM. Be patient. After you submit your application, please be aware that things will not happeninstantaneously. We are likely to have around 11,000 Early Action applicants and the majority of the supplemental material will be sent within the next three weeks. We will be vigorously matching material, but please give things time to get here (both mailed and electronically submitted documents) before contacting us. If an item is mailed, allow time for the postal service to deliver it. If a test score is sent, allow time for it to be both uploaded by the testing agency and downloaded by UGA. Our deadlines are postmarked/submitted deadlines. The next few weeks will be a little hectic in our office as we pull together all of the materials for each application, so we may be a little slower in responding to voice mails, emails, etc. As well, we have a new student system we are bringing up, so this adds an additional challenge to our process. Do not send a fax. If you or your counselor faxes something in, it will be shredded. We place the shredder next to the fax machine for a reason. Check your myStatus. It is the applicants responsibility to get in all required documents. The myStatus page is updated once a day Monday through Friday, generally in the morning, so you do not need to check it multiple times a day. We have also extended the deadline for admissions documents to 10/22, so documents do not need to show up on the myStatus by 10/15. If it has been over 10 business days since you both applied and any missing documents have been sent in, you should begin to inquire about the missing document. If it is a GACollege411 transcript, we occasionally have one that does not come through. However, it is easy to go back into the system and access it again. Missing SAT/ACT scores. If you sent your SAT/ACT scores a while ago and they have not matched up yet, verify that they were sent to UGA through College Board/ACT. Then verify that the name, social and birth date on the test scores are the same as the admissions application as these are important matching fields. If you have given us enough time to receive them and they are not showing up on myStatus, email admproc@uga.edu with your situation and we will work on manually matching your scores. Please be patient as it takes longer than a day for scores we receive to get into our system.We will accept test scores that were taken and requested to be sent to UGA by the 10/15 application deadline, as these will have time to get to us by our decision date. In addition, there is an odd glitch with our new system displaying the highest subscore at times, but we hope to have this corrected in a few days. School Evaluation. Your counselor will have additional time to submit the school evaluation as their EA deadline for materials is 10/22. We will leave the online school evaluation open for at least a week beyond the deadline so your counselors should not have to stress about any last minute applicants. Go Dawgs!

Aspergers, a High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

Aspergers Syndrome exists at the highest end of the autism spectrum. Children with Aspergers have excellent language and often good academic behavior which may mask the very real difficulties they have in academic situations. Often they are not diagnosed, or diagnosed late in their academic career, because their difficulties in social situations havent stopped them from succeeding academically. Their lack of good social skills and understanding of social interaction eventually inhibit their ability to function in upper elementary and middle school settings, where their academic skills often outshine their social challenges. They are frequently found in inclusive settings because of their ability to function well in academic settings, but challenge the general education teachers who teach them. Areas of High Interest and High Ability The movie Rain Man familiarized the American public with the notion of the idiot savant. Although a fairly infrequent occurrance, savantism may appear in children with autism or with Aspergers Syndrome. The hyper-focus or perseveration on specific top is typical of students diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome. Children may exhibit exceptional ability in language or math, and may have areas of extraordinary ability. I had one student who could tell you what day of the week your birthday might be in 5 or 10 years without referring to a calendar. Students may also have extraordinary knowledge about a specific topic, such as dinosaurs or vintage movies. This hyperfocus or perseveration may actually be the result of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) which is not uncommon in children with Aspergers disorder. Physicians often can use appropriate medication to help manage the obsessive behavior and help students re-focus on a broader range of information and interests. Social Deficits One of truly human skills that children on the spectrum seem to lack is joint attention, the ability to join with other humans in attending to what they find important. Another deficit is in the area of theory of mind, the innate ability that most human organisms have to project their own emotional and intellectual processes onto other human beings. Early in development, typically developing children respond to their mothers faces and early on learn to respond to their parents moods. Children on the Autism Spectrum do not. Children with Aspergers syndrome often long to develop relationships, especially with peers. Since most children with Aspergers Syndrome are boys, they are especially interested in how to relate to the opposite sex. Many children with disabilities have weak social skills. They all benefit from social skill training, but none as much as children on the autism spectrum. They lack emotional literacy, and need explicit instruction in how to recognize and manage different emotional states. Tantrums are frequent in young children with Aspergers Syndrome, because they do not know how express their frustration nor how to negotiate with parents, siblings or peers. Use your words is often the mantra with students with Aspergers Syndrome, and often the challenge is teach them the skills they need to express their wants and needs. Executive Function Deficits Children with Aspergers Syndrome often have weak Executive Function. Executive function is the cognitive ability to visualize and plan ahead. It includes the short term ability to understand the steps needed to complete a task. Long term it involves the ability to anticipate the many steps that may be required to graduate from high school, to complete a degree, even to follow through on a science fair project. Because these children are often very bright, they may be able over-compensate in elementary or middle school for their lack of ability to visualize, anticipate and prepare for future eventualities. Children with extraordinary potential may end up as the 30 year old still in his or her own bedroom because they have not been able to prioritize and then master each of the steps necessary to get to a final goal. Gross and Fine Motor Skills Students with Aspergers Syndrome often have poor balance and poor gross motor skills. This can become exaggerated as they grow older because they often prefer watching television or using the computer to athletic activities. The preference may come from poor over all coordination rather than a learned preference. These same students may also have poor fine motor skills and may dislike using pencils and scissors. They may be very hard to motivate to writ. Unless students with Aspergers are really motivated to learn to write long hand, they should not be forced to learn to write in cursive. Keyboarding on a computer may also be a better investment of time than stressing handwriting. Academic Deficits Students with Aspergers syndromes often have areas of great strength and areas of academic weakness. Some students have strong academic deficits across the board, from language to math, and are often diagnosed late because their obvious intelligence and academic performance, challenged by deficits in social skills and executive function, struggle to perform in academic settings. English/Language Arts: Often students with strong language may struggle to develop the skills that they need to do well in English and Language Arts. Often they have strong vocabularies, especially when they have strong interests that they have read about. Some students with Aspergers gain strong vocabularies because they script, or repeat entire movies they have heard. Children with Aspergers with strong language skills often exhibit good reading skills, but not always are good readers. Once students reach fourth grade, they are expected to answer higher level thinking questions, such as questions that ask students to synthesize or analyze what they have read (as in Blooms Taxonomy.) They may be able to answer questions at the lowest level, Remember, but not questions that ask them to analyze (What made that a good idea?) or synthesis (If you were Hugo, where would you look?) Because of executive function and short term memory challenges, students with Aspergers syndrome often face challenges with writing. They may have difficulty remembering how to spell, they may forget writing conventions such as punctuation and capitalization, and they may face fine motor challenges that make them reluctant to write. Math: Children with strong language or reading skills may have poor math skills, or vice versa. Some children are savants when it comes to math, memorizing math facts quickly and seeing relationships between numbers and solving problems. Other children may have poor short and long term memory and may struggle with learning math facts. In all or any case, teachers need to learn to recognize students strengths and needs, using strengths to identify ways to approach deficits and build their over all functional and academic skills.

Understanding the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

The triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that there are three distinct types of intelligence: practical, distinct, and analytical. It was formulated by Robert J. Sternberg, a well-known psychologist whose research often focuses on human intelligence and creativity. The triarchic theory is comprised of three subtheories, each of which relates to a specific kind of intelligence: the contextual subtheory, which corresponds to practical intelligence, or the ability to successfully function in one’s environment; the experiential subtheory, which corresponds to creative intelligence, or the ability to deal with novel situations or issues; and the componential subtheory, which corresponds to analytical intelligence, or the ability to solve problems. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Key Takeaways The triarchic theory of intelligence originated as an alternative to the concept of general intelligence factor, or g.  The theory, proposed by psychologist Robert J. Sternberg, contends that there are three types of intelligence: practical (the ability to get along in different contexts), creative (the ability go come up with new ideas), and analytical (the ability to evaluate information and solve problems).The theory is comprised of three subtheories: contextual, experiential, and componential. Each subtheory corresponds to one of the three proposed types of intelligence. Origins Sternberg  proposed his theory in 1985 as an alternative to the idea of the general intelligence factor. The general intelligence factor,  also known as  g, is what intelligence tests typically measure. It  refers only to â€Å"academic intelligence.† Sternberg argued that practical intelligence—a person’s ability to react and adapt to the world around them—as well as creativity are equally important when measuring an individuals overall intelligence.  He also argued that  intelligence isn’t fixed, but rather  comprises a set of abilities that can be developed.  Sternbergs assertions led to the creation of his theory.   Subtheories Sternberg broke his theory down into  the following  three subtheories: Contextual subtheory: The contextual subtheory says that intelligence is intertwined with the individual’s environment. Thus, intelligence is based on the way one functions in their everyday circumstances, including one’s ability to a) adapt to one’s environment, b) select the best environment for oneself, or c) shape the environment to better fit one’s needs and desires.Experiential subtheory: The experiential subtheory proposes that there is a continuum of experience from novel to automation to which intelligence can be applied. It’s at the extremes of this continuum that intelligence is best demonstrated. At the novel end of the spectrum, an individual is confronted with an unfamiliar task or situation and must come up with a way to deal with it. At the automation end of the spectrum, one has become familiar with a given task or situation and can now handle it with minimal thought.  Ã‚  Componential subtheory: The componential theory outlines t he various mechanisms that result in intelligence. According to Sternberg, this subtheory is comprised of three kinds of mental processes or components:Metacomponents enable us to monitor, control, and evaluate our mental processing, so that we can make decisions, solve problems, and create plans.Performance components are what enable us to take action on the plans and decisions arrived at by the metacomponents.Knowledge-acquisition components enable us to learn new information that will help us carry out our plans. Kinds of Intelligence Each subtheory reflects a particular kind of intelligence or ability: Practical intelligence:  Sternberg called one’s ability to successfully interact with the everyday world  practical intelligence. Practical intelligence is related to the contextual subtheory. Practically intelligent people are especially adept at behaving in successful ways  in their external environment.Creative intelligence:  The experiential subtheory is related to creative intelligence, which is one’s ability to use  existing knowledge to create new ways to handle new problems or cope in new situations.Analytical intelligence:  The componential subtheory is related to analytical intelligence, which is essentially academic  intelligence. Analytical intelligence is used to solve problems and is the kind of intelligence that is measured  by a standard IQ test Sternberg observed that all three kinds of intelligence are necessary for successful intelligence, which refers to  the ability to be successful in life based on one’s abilities, personal desires, and environment. Critiques There have been a number of critiques and challenges to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence over the years. For example,  educational psychologist  Linda  Gottfredson says  the theory  lacks a solid empirical basis, and observes that the data used to back up the theory is meager. In addition, some scholars argue that practical intelligence is redundant with the concept of job knowledge, a concept that is more robust and has been better researched. Finally, Sternberg’s own definitions and explanations of his terms and concepts have at times been imprecise. Sources Gottfredson, Linda S. â€Å"Dissecting practical intelligence theory: Its claims and evidence† Intelligence, vol. 31, no. 4, 2003, pp.343-397, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00085-5Meunier, John. â€Å"Practical Intelligence.† Human Intelligence, 2003. http://www.intelltheory.com/practicalintelligence.shtmlSchmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. â€Å"Tacit Knowledge, Practical Intelligence, General Mental Ability, and Job Knowledge† Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 1993, pp. 8-9,  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770456Sternberg, Robert J. Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, 1985.Sternberg, Robert J. â€Å"The Theory of Successful Intelligence† Review of General Psychology, vol. 3, no. 4, 1999, 292-316, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.3.4.292â€Å"Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.† Psychestudy, https://www.psychestudy.com/cognitive/intelligence/triarchic

Parental Control Free Essays

Parenting during childhood is about nurturing and taking care of the child’s simple needs. The parent is the one in complete control, when the child becomes an adolescent; they need a feeling of their own independence. The goal is for the adolescent to gradually be treated as an adult individual with an equal balance of power between parent and child(). We will write a custom essay sample on Parental Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a child becomes an adolescent their needs grow to fit their new maturity and environment. They have social developed, in which their psychological needs come into play, competence, relatedness, and autonomy (Kakihara Tilton-Weaver, 2009). To grow these needs, parent control has to be open and supportive of the adolescent. The authoritarian parent demands for perfection and is unresponsive to the child’s needs. The child may feel neglected and distant from their parent. They may also feel overly pressured to meet the high standards set by the authoritarian parent. Permissive parents are the opposite, as in they have very low standards for achievement and have no rules for order. The parent acts in a laissez-faire manor, in which they allow the child to do as they please, without any discipline or praise for their actions. Typically, children raised by permissive parents fail to mature into adolescence and tend to lack respect for the rules of society (Fite, Stoppelbein, Greening, 2009). Ultimately, passive parents become more liberal parents resulting from the continual defiance and rebellion that their adolescent children express towards their parenting efforts (Keijsers, Frijins, Branje, Meeus, 2009). The goal is to be a combination of authoritarian and permissive, which is referred to as an authoritative parent. The authoritative parent is highly supportive, and takes time to explain to the child why they may have been punished for their actions (Fite, Stoppelbein Greening, 2009). In addition to the authoritarian, authoritative and permissive styles of parenting, each parent also has a particular style of parental control. The two main styles of parental control are behavioral and psychological. The authoritarian parent favors controlling the adolescents’ behavior by setting limits, enforcing rules, in an overbearing way. The other type of control, psychological, is the parent using feelings and emotions to control them without the adolescent realizing. (Keijers, Frijns, Branje, Meeus, 2009). In an act to prevent adolescents from delinquency and following the â€Å"wrong crowd† parents try to seek information from the child without making them feel belittled. For delinquency to be prevented, parent involvement must be present, as well as the adolescent’s willingness to listen. When parents fail to react as a supportive parent, they run the risk of their child reacting in a reckless and careless manor. In a study done by Keijsers, Frijins, Branje, and Meeus (2009), noted that adolescent delinquent activities were stronger in families with high levels of parental support. A significant part of raising an adolescent is trusting the child to confide in them (2009). The way parents track their child at the age of adolescents depends a great deal on the amount of information in which the child discloses. The adolescent has greater control of what they are willing to admit, and the relevancy of it. Parents are often unaware of their child’s social life and after school activities. The less the child is willing to share the more the parent may be forced to believe they’ve been engaging in delinquent activities. In the case that this is true, perhaps the child is fearful of disclosing disappointing information. Peer influence plays a major role in the adolescent’s development. Much of their time is spent with friends during this time of development. Whether or not the parent takes part in controlling who they associate with and what they do depends on the supervision*. The relationships adolescents create are the people they will spend a majority of their time with. These are the friends that will they’ll want to impress, feel accepted by, and eventually become their most influential source of approval (Trucco, Colder, Wieczorek, 2011). Children linked to a misbehaving group that have trouble following authority are more likely to be the child of a laissez-faire parent. The laissez-faire parent gives their child no means of rules or discipline, so when the child is put in a school like environment they’ll have no respect for the rules or consequences (Trucco, Colder, Wieczorek, 2011). However, parents who don’t approve of their child’s relationships should first get to know their friends before making judgments. Adolescents hold their friendships very highly, a parent forbidding the child to see their friend may result in backlash of problem behaviors (Kakihara Tilton-Weaver, 2009). Withhold info References How to cite Parental Control, Papers

Cinematography Treatment Example free essay sample

The Might of Spite Plot Summary The movie is about a guy (Antagonist) and a girl (Protagonist) living together that get turns to do the laundry. The guy (Thando) is very lazy, watches TV the whole day and refuses to do the laundry even after the girl (Carrie), tries to force him physically. Carrie is miserable after that but then finds another way to get him of the couch. She tells him that his car is being stolen and when he gets outside, Carrie locks the door behind him. Thando sees his car isn’t being stolen. He then sees the washing basket outside and sees Carrie through the window enjoying the victory and waving the key mockingly. Genre When filmmakers and movie critics refer to a film genre, they generally mean a specific style, or subject matter. While a movie may have elements of a number of different genres, it is often classified under a single film genre for reference purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Cinematography Treatment Example or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Film genres include Comedy, drama, romantic comedy, action/adventure, musical and experimental. *(http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-film-genre. htm, Michael Pollick). The Might of spite will classify in the comedy genre even though it is more of an everyday general situation. It is a very light hearted film with laidback comedic moments present, throughout the film. Binaries Primary event binary is Tactfulness VS Spitefulness, because Thando was being spiteful by just refusing to do the laundry after Carrie has been tactful. Carrie then outsmarts Thando giving him no choice but to do the laundry. The binary of the protagonist is Mind VS Body. Carrie thought it is a losing battle after she tried to force Thando physically to do the laundry. She then used brain power to manipulate Thando into going outside where the clothesline is and locks the door behind him. The antagonist’s binary is Selfishness VS Contribution, because Thando refuses to do his part of the housekeeping and only watches TV and making more of a mess in the house. He needs to stop being lazy and help Carrie by contributing in cleaning the house. Conceptual and Emotional Relevance The event problem in a story is when the character is put in a situation outside their normal environment. This is what happened to Carrie after Thando refuse to help her, because they obviously agreed to split some of the housekeeping duties. Conceptual Relevance is the event narrative structure in any story. It is the events in the narrative that will progress the story along. In all classic narrative the Conceptual relevance relates to a simple story line. *(Directing for film an introduction, p24, Brandon Oelofse, 2007). The conceptual relevance in this story is when Carrie tricks Thando into doing the laundry. At first she accepted defeat but noticed Thando’s car outside near the clothesline. She then came up with an idea and told him his car is being stolen and locked the door when he went out. This is relevant to the viewer because by outsmarting Thando she came out on top by approaching a problem with thought. Character problem within the narrative can be described with this question. Why does the character react the way they do with different events? We know that Claire is being ignored by Thando and that physically forcing him can’t work either. That is why she locked him out with the laundry until it is finished. Emotional Relevance is the heart of any story. It is the journey that the character will go through to achieve a sense of completion at the end of the narrative. (Directing for film an introduction, p22, Brandon Oelofse, 2007). The emotional relevance in this story is that Carrie gave up at first but got up and tried again. ETB The Establishment Problem Solution Priority Order We first see our antagonist Thando, a lazy guy drinking beer, sitting in front of the TV. We then meet our antagonist Carrie, a bright and hardworking girl, walking into the dirty living room, which she probably will have to clean, with a laundry basket in her hands. The First Explosion Carrie tells Thando that it is his turn to do the laundry and he looks at her ut returns his attention to the TV ignoring her. Problem Solving Vacuum Carrie gapes in disbelief because they always make turns. But she won’t give up yet. Problem-Solution Digits Thando still ignores her by just looking at the TV. New Problem Solution Priority Order Carrie shoves the washing basket in front of Thando, blocking his view of the TV. Second Explosion Thando ignores Carrie and just move into a different position to see the TV. Carrie blocks his view of the TV with the basket again, but Thando just reposition again. This happens again and again, until Thando stands up picks the basket up and put it on the floor out of his way and sits down. Carrie gives up and leaves with the basket. The Second Problem- Solution Vacuum and the Potential Problem-Solution Digits Carrie goes to the kitchen to think of a different way because by trying to spite Thando to do the laundry is clearly not going to work. But she gets an idea when she sees something outside. The Dramatic Climax Carrie quickly locks the door and laughing at Thando, shaking the keys of the door through the window. The Final Problem Solution Priority Order Carrie watches Thando from the kitchen wind while he is hanging up the laundry and she drinking a glass of wine. General Look and Feel of the Film Design and style are overlapping categories, and it is possible to have an effective design without a distinctive personal style. Style is primarily dependent on the needs of the story being told. * (Film directing fundamentals, Nicholas T. Proferes, p. 46, 2005). The general look and feel will be of an ordinary couple, in an ordinary house with an ordinary garden. The TV room will be a bit darker though with pale look and feel to it because it is the antagonist’s lair. The outside will have more of a bright contrast and colourful look to it, because the antagonist is out of his territory and that is where he will be defeated. The kitchen will have a more stable feel to it with some solid colours and shadows. Lighting Lighting shapes the realty in front of the lens, giving it depth or flatness, excitement or boredom, reality or artificiality. Light can fall on the scene in a variety of ways to create many different moods to help tell the story. (Kodak: the art of lighting-notes, 2003) To amplify this laidback light hearted comedy, soft lines and shadows will be used more. In a comedy high key-light is usually used to amplify the narrative. This is what I will be doing but also use mixed lighting at one location. The TV room will have a different light setting that is gloomier than the high contrast the kitchen and the garden will have. T his is because it is where the antagonist spends most of his time and there will be mixed light used that strategically falls on certain places. The sun coming through a window and or a lamp on a table will also be used as extras to get enough light on the subjects so that low key light won’t be made. With the face of the antagonist in a darker part of the room the flicker of the TV will slightly be seen by using a reflector board and moving it slightly on the subject’s face. Taken by GETY *(http://www. telegraph. co. uk/culture/tvandradio/5998253/One-in-six-Britons-too-lazy-to-get-up-to-change-TV-channel. html) The kitchen will be more brightly lit, also because this is where the protagonist spends most of her time and feel at home.

Whether or not Human Cloning Should be Allowed

Table of Contents Introduction Disadvantages of cloning humans Benefits of cloning My recommendation Conclusion Reference List Introduction Cloning can be defined as the process of producing an embryo which has similar genes to its parents and implanting it to a surrogate mother. A number of organizations have also given slightly different definitions for cloning. One such definition is that cloning is the preservation of cells in cultures to produce tissues, organs and even embryos (Head, 2010, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Whether or not Human Cloning Should be Allowed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a method of reproduction that is viewed as a prospective haven for people with reproduction problems. Cloning has attracted substantial ethics-related questions since its discovery. The first clone was a lamb named Dolly and since its birth, the possibilities and speculations of human cloning ha s attracted a lot of ethical questions concerning the same. Up to date, the acceptability of human cloning is depended on personal opinion and its applicability is largely based on theory (Head, 2010, p. 1). This is despite the fact that cloning of cells to form tissues has been widely used in therapeutic procedures to treat people in hospital. Let us have a look at the benefits and the disadvantages of cloning. Disadvantages of cloning humans Human cloning has more disadvantages than its benefits. Firstly, it is true that cloning is not in accordance with the Christian faith. Thus Christians, who make the world’s most popular religion, will feel as if they are playing God if they get involved in cloning activities. Among the weightiest arguments against cloning is the fact that the cloning of embryos makes them vulnerable and therefore the resultant child may develop serious problems for the rest of his/her life. However, scientists argue that cloning may be developed to be more safe that the normal delivery as more advancements are made. Another disadvantage associated with human cloning is the fact that while cloning a human being, a number of embryos may be killed during testing (Farnsworth, 2000, p. 1). This is, arguably, killing of a human being and thus it taints the ethics behind the practice of human cloning. There is also the issue about the expectations that people are bound to have on their clones. The original person will have very high expectations on the clone and this could lead to considerable pressure on the clone and disappointments on the part of the original person. This can be explained by the fact that with the identity that identical twins have and their differences in personality, nothing better is expected from clones. Another worry is that since clones will be known to be copies of people, they may be discriminated against and thus their lives would be difficult. However baseless this claim appears to be, it has a point and it s applicability would depend on how human clones would look. If they will be such that a person can identify a clone just by looking at him/her, then the argument is justified.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As mentioned above the technology of cloning is still inferior. During the development of the first clone, Dolly, more than 250 eggs were used and only one survived. It is thus apparent that application of this technology would have major drawbacks in terms of taking chances on life. It is possible that during testing, a number of embryos would be formed before the desirable embryo is formed. This means that these embryos may be frozen for future use (Head, 2010, p. 1) or even destroyed, if their standards are unacceptable. This may be taken as the treating of a human being as an animal and it could attract considerable action by human rights activists. Besides the possible protest s by human rights activists, the cloning process may prove to be haunting to the doctors in case they realize that they have been terminating lives by experimentation. Benefits of cloning Cloning is associated with a number of benefits that make pro-cloning activists believe strongly in their convictions. For instance, cloning of human cells has been constructively applied in therapeutic cloning to which is used largely during organ transplant mts. It is used to ensure that the donated organ fits the patient and saves the patient from taking lots o drugs normally meant to suppress immunity. However, most of these benefits are beaten by logic and a closer examination reveals the fact that we should not encourage cloning of human beings. One of the benefits of cloning is the fact that it is able to provide children to people with fertility problems. However, it will be more reasonable to adopt homeless kids and offer them a home instead of undergoing the risky cloning procedure. Anoth er benefit of cloning that is frequently cited by pro-cloning activists is the fact that people with genetic illnesses who do not wish to pass their sicknesses to their kids have an option with cloning. However, it is arguable that such people will do better with adoption of the numerous homeless children in orphanages. It has been widely argued that adoption of cloning as a legal medical exercise would lead to creation of people with perfected characteristics since the genes that are used are often chosen and it is logical that a person wishing to get a child will go for a donor with good characteristics. This is both a good thing and a bad thing. This is because such people will not have a lot of heath and other problems but it will lead to a set-up that could bring problems. These problems will most probably be experienced in social life. Among the evidently controversial benefits of cloning is the idea of body replacements which is so far theoretical. It suggests that a person h aving a given problem can be reconstructed to live as another person who does not have the problems he/she has. This is among the suggestions associated with cloning that has made people question the ethical appropriateness of cloning (McKay, 2010, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Whether or not Human Cloning Should be Allowed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More My recommendation As evidenced in the discussion above, my opinion about the cloning controversy is that, in as much as cloning is a highly admirable technological advancement, it is wrong to pursue human cloning. This statement is made with reference to the cloning of cells to form an embryo. It is wrong to try to pursue ways of making life other than the way that God created us to use. It is no wonder that the process of cloning cells to form embryos is associated with a myriad of problems. Even for people who do not believe that God exists, should be discouraged by the killing of tens or hundreds of embryos in the lab during the testing period. Additionally, the uncertainties that face human clones in terms of health, similarity to the original person and the like should also discourage people from taking such kinds of people (Farnsworth, 2000, p. 1). It is clear that anyone supporting embryo-forming cloning has not given the subject a keener thought since so many possible problems that could come with child-formation cloning can easily be acquired. Despite the fact that cell-physiology is a complex process and it is normally cheaper to engage in tissue growth cloning. This kind of cloning is simpler and it has better objectives. This is because most clone-generated tissues are used by doctors to save lives in hospitals by helping them to treat major health complications (McKay, 2010, p. 1). Conclusion Humans have repeatedly got themselves into problems after doing things just because they could do them. We should thus be ver y careful before we start using any discovery in a bid to benefit from it. It is specifically necessary for a re-examination of the intricacies of cloning in order to make informed decisions on whether to legalize it or not. Cloning should be studied deeply to establish the dangers it poses to a child it bears. At the same time, we should ensure that we fully understand the ethical issues posed by cloning before we claim to be pro-cloning. It is only in the case of commendable technological advancement that embryonic cloning should be allowed. This is because some measures will have been put in place to ensure that we do not get disappointed after paying for cloning services. It can be clearly seen that the disadvantages of cloning outweigh its benefits and thus cloning should be discouraged at all cost.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Farnsworth, J. (2000). To clone or not to clone: The Ethical Question. Retrieved from http://www.thefarnsworths.com/science/cloning.htm Head, T. (2010). Should human cloning be banned? Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/should-human-cloning-be-banned-721486 McKay, C. (2010). Should the cloning of human beings be prohibited? Retrieved from http://www.scienceclarified.com/dispute/Vol-2/Should-the-cloning-of-human-beings-be-prohibited.html This essay on Whether or not Human Cloning Should be Allowed was written and submitted by user Jayden E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

If You Cant Find the Stories You Want to Read, Write Them Yourself

If You Cant Find the Stories You Want to Read, Write Them Yourself If You Can't Find the Stories You Want to Read, Write Them Yourself Shaz Kahng features in the first season of Reedsy's self-publishing podcast, Bestseller. She has worked as a research scientist, a global consulting partner, a builder of e-businesses, a brand strategist, and has led teams in several male-dominated industries. When she noticed that strong female business leaders were missing from both her career and modern fiction, she decided to fill the gap. In this article, she talks about the struggle to traditionally publish a novel deemed "market-unfriendly," and how self-publishing has given her control over her bad-ass female characters. 3) That being said, remember the importance of professionals A critical aspect of bringing my book to life was designing a compelling cover that would stand out. For that, I was fortunate enough to connect with Reedsy cover designer, Mark Thomas. I provided a design brief to Mark with the objective of having a visually striking but simple cover that conveyed the idea of the story. I did have an idea in my mind of what the cover might look like, but as we went through the design process, Mark offered up several intriguing concepts and we ended up with something far different and far better than I could have imagined. With Reedsy, I felt like I was building my own publishing team with great talents like Mark, and I absolutely enjoyed our collaboration.4) Consider all the benefits of self-publishing After speaking with other authors of self-published books (some of whom were traditionally published first), two main benefits were touted: control over your content and every aspect of how your book comes to market, and speed - it’s certainly way faster than traditionally published books. #Selfpub tip: know your target market better than anyone. The Closer has only been out for about a month, but it has gotten stellar reviews from people who are not even related to me, and I’m happy to report that my book sales have been very strong. I’m optimistic about the novel’s potential, but most importantly: I was able to bring it to the world in the way I wanted, allowing me to rebel against the traditional path and the suggestions that would have diminished the quality of my book. Self-publishing let me keep my vision intact, control my content and cover, and allowed me to get The Closer to market quickly.The Closer is available in paperback and on Amazon Kindle.Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Shaz Kahng in the comments below!

Chicano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Chicano - Essay Example There are various types of son depending upon the rural folk music it categorizes, and every type has its own unique instrumentation. 2. Also known as espinela and introduced by Vicente Gà ³mez Martà ­nez-Espinel (1550– 1624), a decima is a style in poetry in which the poem has ten-line stanzas. A decima conveys thoughtful, spiritual, ethical, or political message to the reader. Decimas may be philosophical or comical. Satirical decimas highlight people’s flaws. Puerto Rico decimas are octosyllabic, where each stanza has 10 lines, with the rhyming scheme of ABBAACCDDC. Decimas are often improvised, and the improviser is known as decimero. Decimeros improvise decimas in folklore poetic competitions known as payadas. They confront the primary message in the decimas. For example, they respond to the satirical decima with a kind decima, and come up with a duet song that becomes an extempore creative improvising of a satirical

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Sufficient research studies have been undertaken linking Human Resource Management to the overall growth of a firm or organization which is essentially its financial performance. It has been observed that there is a strong positive relationship between the two. In order to be successful, organizations need to invest in and build organizational capability which can be provided by focused HRM practices by HR professionals who create value by increasing organizational competitiveness. This value is created across board, in every division, every team and every individual. The responsibilities of an HR Department are focused on the Human Capital which has begun to enjoy prestige as the most dynamic factor of production. The tasks are multifaceted and includes some of these, listed in order of priority hereunder: People Extends from the day a need is established for taking on people, screening and recruitment, salary negotiation, placement and job profiling, orientation, training and development, periodic reviews and appraisals, handholding, welfare initiatives, exit, replacement. Regulations Knowledge and intervention regarding all laws, regulations, facilities whether state run or internal, that directly or indirectly impact the employees. Various job profiles and content definitions of the Human Resource function have been created and recreated time and again. To have a better view, let us first analyse the challenges that face any organization today.

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use Factors Leading towards cannabis use  and what can be done about them:  A study carried out in local transport drivers  of district Peshawar, Pakistan. The problem of drug trafficking represents a crippling facet of reality in Pakistan that is affecting 34% of the country’s population in terms of having problems with drug usage, and or abuse. The district of Peshawar, which lies near the Khyber Pass access to Afghanistan, places that region at the centre of trafficking activity that has made illicit drugs readily available to the populace at highly affordable prices due to the proximity of heavy drug activity. Drug use is an international problem, one that increasingly is focusing on Pakistan as a result of it being in the center of the most active drug producing regions in the world. As such, the country has developed a serious internal problem in that its citizens have become swept up in the production, trafficking as well as use of drugs. The preceding are activities that undermine the nation’s economy as the money flows are black market, and one which is costing the country its most valuable resource, is people, wh o are in ever increasing numbers being wasted as well as suffering from the ravages of drug use, and addiction. The purpose, and role of government represent a complex issue that in its own right deserves a study onto itself. In the context of the examination thus identified, a summary of this complex relationship shall be put forth as it is an integral aspect of the preceding. Reus-Smit (1999, p. 129) tells us that: â€Å"The moral purpose of the modern state thus entailed a new principle of procedural justice—legislative justice. This principle prescribes two precepts of rule determination: first, that only those subject to the rules have the right to define them and, second, that the rules of society must apply equally to all citizens, in all like cases. Both precepts were enshrined in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which states that â€Å"[l]aw is the expression of the general will; all citizens have the right to concur personally, or through their representatives, in its formation; it must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes.†Ã¢â‚¬  Rousseau provides further amplification of the purpose of government as he held â€Å"†¦that the laws legislated by the people or their representatives must apply equally to all citizens in all like cases. â€Å"Every authentic act of the general will,† he writes, â€Å"favors all citizens equally, so that the sovereign, knows only the body of the nation and makes no distinctions between any of those who compose it† (Reus-Smit (1999, p. 130). Schmidtz (1991, p. 10) cites Hume (1978, p. 539) who states: â€Å"†¦the beauty of the state is not that it results from a collective decision but rather that it makes collective decisions unnecessary. People no longer need to come to an agreement about what is in their collective interest, for magistrates need consult no body but themselves to form any scheme for the promoting of that interest. Thus, bridges are built; harbours opend; ramparts raisd; canals formd; fleets equipd; and armies disciplind; every where, by the care o government , which, tho composd of men subject to all human infirmities, becomes, by one of the finest and most subtle inventions imaginable, a composition, that is, in some measure, exempted from all these infirmities† The foregoing tells us that government exists to look after, and for our best interests for the collective good. Thus the drug problem represents an issue that is not in the best interests of the people, and is government’s responsibility to confront and resolve. Thus, the reduction of drug use, and the reduction of drug production, and trafficking are priorities that the country needs to address in order to safeguard the future of its citizens, as well as return the country’s economic healths and vitality. This examination shall delve into the forgoing in the context of the â€Å"Factors Leading towards cannabis use and what can be done about them: A study carried out in local transport drivers of district Peshawar, Pakistan.† The problem of drug use is a global phenomenon, one that is especially pervasive in Pakistan. The country’s proximity to Afghanistan, which ranks as one of the top drug producing nations on the globe, coupled with the high drug productive capabilities of Pakistan, and the high poverty levels in the Peshawar region, makes for the perfect breeding grounds for addiction. With in excess of 4 million drug users in Pakistan, representing one of the highest per user percentages internationally, the scope of the problem with respect to production, trafficking, and addiction represent a triple edged sword that few countries are faced with. The foregoing, has been aided by corruption in governmental posts as well as the infiltration of regional tribal leaders who either traffic in, or have interests in this trade, into political positions further complicating the task of control and reduction. Justification for the study The international initiative to reduce drug user, and availability in all countries, with emphasis on the nations of the United States, European Union member states, and other destination points has been undertaken to lessen the potential exposure to drugs on the part of adolescents, and young adults as well as to reduce crime. The flow of drugs fuels the coffers of organized crime amounting to sums in the billions of euros that is fed by the commission of petty crimes, murders, and other societal acts resulting from addiction, procurement, and supply at all levels in the matrix. The costs in terms of humanity, resources, and suffering are almost incalculable. The reduction of drug flow as well as usage represents a solution that benefits all but those who are reaping huge profits from its movement, and sale. Problem Identification In equating the problem as well as ramifications of the factors leading toward the use of cannabis, and what actions can be taken to reduce the foregoing, various approaches, and methodologies have been put forth by nations, and international organizations such as the United Nations to address this issue. The two main schools of thought in attempting to resolve this conundrum are the curtailing of supply as a means to limit drug availability along with punitive measures for suppliers and users, and the education of users, and potential users to the dangers of drug use, and providing them with a means to obtain treatment. The foregoing represents the tactics of the two main destination points, the United States, and the member states of the European Union, respectively. These are the external forces acting upon Pakistan in addition to the drug supply passing through the country from Afghanistan as well as the growth, and production of drugs within the country that makes heroin, cocain e and cannabis freely and readily available to the residents of Peshawar. It is one of the main through routes for the distribution of drugs. The preceding has created an immense problem for the government of Pakistan to implement methods to resolve these issues, and address the needs of its populace in treating as well as stemming drug usage for their own well being. Aim of the dissertation The aim of this examination is to explore as well as uncover the factors leading to drug usage in the Peshawar district, its effects on the populace, and what steps, methodologies, and procedures can or should be implemented to stem its growth, and effect a reduction that is sustainable. Specific Objectives The objectives are represented by the following: To identify factors leading to the use of cannabis by local transport drivers in district Peshawar. To identify ways to tackle factors that lead towards cannabis use by local transport drivers. To provide recommendations to deal with the issue of cannabis use by local transport drivers of district Peshawar. Output of the study This facet of the study is to provide a background of information on the issue that provides an informational basis via which to better understand the forces acting on drug usage in Peshawar from an internal as well as external perspective to reach a recommendation that provides a means to reduce drug usage. Stakeholders/target audience The stakeholders in this examination are represented by the destination states for the illicit drugs grown, cultivated, and produced in the region that is trafficked as well as the local residents who have been impacted directly by this activity to the point whereby Pakistan has one of the highest percentage rates of drug users in the international community. The concentration of drug activity in Peshawar has thus directly affected its residents, and is taking the future away from an entire generation that is caught in the web of illicit drugs. The target audiences represented by this examination are those parties involved in seeking a means to reduce drug use in the district, on a national as well as international level. Methodology The methodology to be utilized in this examination shall be based upon secondary sources utilizing a broad cross section of ideas, studies, approaches, and actual drug reduction strategies taken from key countries, and regions internationally. The sources will utilise books, journals, articles, and the Internet to gain as broad a perspective as possible that is limited by the amount of data as well as time constraints. The limitations are a result of the preceding as some potentially enlightening information could possibility be overlooked, and or not obtained as a result of the amount of data available. Research forms the core of this examination as it will provide the information from which specific aspects will be gleaned that relate to the study. Anderson (1998, p. 27) states that. â€Å"Researchis a dynamic activity that travels a long and winding trail from start to finish. It is not a single event, rather, the act of doing research is a process. And like instructional design, evaluation, decision-making and planning, the research cycle has a set of basic elements that interrelate and interact with each other† He adds that (Anderson, 1998, p. 27): â€Å"All research involves certain common elements such as defining the questions, reviewing the literature, planning the methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings. At first glance, this may seem like a rather logical, straightforward process, but it is not. Research is dynamic, it evolves as activities unfold and the elements of the research process interact and impact on one another. Time is required to allow research questions to develop, literature to be searched, data to be collected, interpreted and analyzed, and findings disseminated.† Chapter 2 – Problem Analysis The examination of the impact of cannabis use on local transport drivers of the Peshawar district in Pakistan immediately provides a visual as well as mental signal as to the potentially dangerous ramifications. Cannabis is a hypnotic drug derived from a plant which has intoxicant qualities that have some uses in medicine, but is better known for is use as a recreational drug where it generates a considerable range of side effects that impact differing people in varied manners. Mikuriya (1969, p. 904) listed the following potential therapeutic uses: analgesic and hypnotic, as an appetite stimulant, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, as an aid in the prevention as well as interruption of migraines and tic douloureux, as an antidepressant as well as tranquilizer, as a psychotherapeutic aid, antiasthmatic, in the acceleration of childbirth (oxytoxic), as a topical anesthetic, in certain uses as an agent that facilitates patient withdrawal from additions to opiates and alcohol, and as an antibiotic In terms of the context of this examination concerning the factors that lead to the use of cannabis, and what can be done about the situation, utilizing the context of transport drivers in Peshawar Pakistan, the focus is thus on the user side of the equation in terms of cannabis as a recreational drug. In that context studies, and analysis by a broad number of researchers as well as the documentation found in journals, books, and articles clearly point out through conclusive as well as subjective findings that cannabis has a broad number of impairment qualities that can manifest themselves. Key to that understanding is the fact that these manifestations can occur in differing degrees of intensity as well as singular, and or multiple combinations in the user, who may or may not be aware of these effects. The preceding makes the use of this drug even more dangerous for individuals engaged in the operation of machinery, and in particular trucks. The Center on International Cooperation (2004) provided an overview of the problem in stating that Pakistan is known for governmental corruption that plays a part in the drug trafficking that occurs within its borders. The proximity of Peshawar to the border of Afghanistan as well as its own growing. and related drug production activities makes that district a den for drug use as a result of its ease of availability. and low price. Contributing to the problem is the lack of employment opportunities that has created a large number of individuals living in poverty. The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (2006) states that low income, lack of economic opportunities, and proximity to the availability of drugs makes for high usage. The forgoing, coupled with the fact that cannabis is a social, and or recreational drug that does not have the stigma of heroin, and cocaine, yet does have many of their same qualities, creates an environment ripe for addiction. The foregoing is de monstrated by the fact that after to Iran, Pakistan has the highest percentage of drugs users in the world (International Crisis Group, 2001). Factors that lead to the use of cannabis, in addition to the broad circumstantial aspects thus far mentioned, are peer pressure, and use as well as social contexts (Ausubel, 1969, p. 17), and the lack of education, opportunities, and outlets for social and recreational pursuits, and information on the dangerous effects of cannabis use (Kahn, 2002). In terms of transport drivers, their jobs entail repetitive, monotonous, low paying work that leaves plenty of time for mental wandering, boredom, and association with individuals who are drug users as well as being young of age. That age group is therefore highly prone to peer pressure, thus throwing them into a circle of high potential usage (IRIN, 2006). All of the preceding represents unmistakable contributing factors that make it extremely difficult to escape falling into drug use. In delving into the examination of the problem a ‘problem tree’ is a useful tool in analyzing situations as it aids in the identification of major problems in the examination, along with the causal relationships (Robertson, 2001. p. 32). In applying this methodology to the preceding examination, the following analysis of the factors equated with the problem become evident. Figure 1 – Problem Tree Analysis of Factors Leading to Cannabis Use and What Can be Done About Them: A Study Carried Out in Local Transport Drivers of the Peshawar District in Pakistan The preceding analysis shall thus form the matrix upon which this examination will focus. Chapter 3 – Literature Review Cannabis sativa was labeled by Linnaeus in 1753 is known by many names, the most popular, and universally understood being marihuana, and weed (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 1). Known for medicinal as well as being a euphoriant, the first recorded use of cannabis is â€Å"†¦found in the Herbal, an ancient equivalent of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, written about 400 to 500 B.C. â€Å" (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 1). Also known as ‘Indian Hemp’, it is a stout, bushy, branching plant whose height varies from 5 to 15 feet in height, and is an old crop that has been grown in China as well as Asia for centuries (Hill, 1952, p. 28). In terms of products, Indian hemp is utilized â€Å"†¦for ropes, twine, carpets, sailcloth, yacht cordage, binder twine, sacks, bags, and webbing† as well as â€Å"Hemp waste, and the woody fibers of the stem are sometimes used in making paper† (Hill, 1952, p. 29). In addition â€Å"The seeds contain an oil that is useful in the soap and paint industries as a substitute for linseed oil† (Hill, 1952, p. 29). Medicinally, â€Å"Cannabis has long been used as an indigenous medicine in the south of Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt, and many areas of Asia including India, the Malays, Burma, and Siam† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 218). Despite the Western notion of cannabis as simply an intoxicant, there is documented evidence of its beneficial use in medicinal remedies. There is a large body of evidence from the Orient on the use of cannabis in medical applications (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). In studies conducted by Dr, W.B. O’Shaughnessy in 1839, who at the time was thirty-three and an â€Å"†¦ assistant surgeon and professor of chemistry at the Medical College of Calcutta †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , he experimented on â€Å"†¦patients suffering from rabies, rheumatism, epilepsy, and tetanus† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). O’Shaughnessy reported â€Å" †¦ anticonvulsant properties of the previously untried materia medica, expressed his belief that in Hemp the profess ion has gained an anti-convulsive remedy of the greatest value† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). O’Shaughnessy’s research led further investigation by Dr. R. M’Meens for â€Å"†¦tetanus, neuralgia, the arrest of uterine hemorrhage, as an analgesic during labor, in dysmenorrhoea, convulsions, the pain of rheumatism, asthma, postpartum psychoses, gonorrhea, and chronic bronchitis† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). Dr. M’Meens studies and reports resulted in cannabis being assigned (M’Meens, 1860, pp. 94-95): a place among the so called hypnotic medicines next to opium; its effects are less intense, and the secretions are not so much suppressed by it. Digestion is not disturbed; the appetite rather increased; . . . The whole effect of hemp being less violent, and producing a more natural sleep, without interfering with the actions of the internal organs, it is certainly often preferable to opium, although it is not equal to that drug in strength and reliability. M’Meens also found that cannabis had use as a sedative among other medicinal purposes (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 220). Dr. Hare in 1887 noted that the use of cannabis â€Å"†¦quieting restlessness and anxiety, and by turning the mind of the patient to other channels. . . . Under these circumstances, the patient, whose most painful symptom has been mental trepidation, may become more happy or even hilarious† (Hare, 1887, p. 225-226). However, the Tax Act of 1937 â€Å"†¦completed its medical demise, and it was removed from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary in 1941† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 218). Modern day medical findings see its proponents suggesting the legalisation of marijuana in terms of its medicinal uses (Earlywine, 2002, p. 167). Naturally, the preceding views have sparked a number of debates. It has been found that â€Å"Smoked cannabis clearly helps some problems and may cost less than other medications†, and that â€Å"Synthetic cannabinoids can also alleviate symptoms of many disorders† (Earlywine, 2002, p. 167). G.T. Stockings, a medical researcher, administered a synthetic cannabis preparation to fifty depressive patients, and thirty-six showed definitive improvement (Stockings, 1947, pp. 918-922). Mikuriya (1969, p. 904) in reviewing the medical evidence as well as literature listed the potential and possible therapeutic uses of cannabis: analgesic and hypnotic, as an appetite stimulant, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, as an aid in the prevention as well as interruption of migraines and tic douloureux, as an antidepressant as well as tranquilizer, as a psychotherapeutic aid, antiasthmatic, in the acceleration of childbirth (oxytoxic), as a topical anesthetic, in certain uses as an agent that facilitates patient withdrawal from additions to opiates and alcohol, and as an antibiotic The current position of organized medicine in the United States is that cannabis has been condemned as medically worthless, and even dangerous (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 226). In fact the members of the Committee on Legislative Activities of the American Medical Association in 1937, in protesting the Marihuana Tax Act, stated (Cary, 1937, pp. 2214-2215): There is positively no evidence to indicate the abuse of cannabis as a medicinal agent or to show that its medicinal use is leading to the development of cannabis addiction. Cannabis at the present time is slightly used for medicinal purposes, but it would seem worthwhile to maintain its status as a medicinal agent for such purposes as it now has. There is a possibility that a restudy of the drug by modern means may show other advantages to be derived from its medicinal use. Your committee also recognizes that in the Border States the extensive use of the marihuana weed by a certain type of people would be hard to control that in the Border States the extensive use of the marihuana weed by a certain type of people would be hard to control† In 1967 a position paper written in the Journal of the American Medical Association stated â€Å"Cannabis (marihuana) has no known use in medical practice in most countries of the world, including the United States† (Council on Mental Health and Committee on Legislative Activities and Drug Dependence, 1967, p. 1181). The factual evidence however points to otherwise as a classified undertaking by the United States Department of Defence in the United States that suggests the utilisation of cannabis compounds might be useful for (Culliton, 1970, p. 105): analgesics blood pressure reduction, and psychopharmacotherapeutic agents The limited utilization position of the United States in the uses of marijuana for medical purposes is outdated, according to global practices. The only uses legally approved in the United States are in California, and Arizona for medical purposes as approved by a physician, primarily for glaucoma, and high blood pressure (Christenson, 2004). Research conducted at the Complutense University in Madrid revealed that components contained in marijuana that were derived from the plant inhibited the growth of cancerous brain tumours (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). The findings of that study were published in the journal of the American Association of Cancer Research. Other research and studies have also found that â€Å"†¦cannabis restricts the blood supply to Gliobastoma multiforme tumours †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , which is an aggressive brain tumour (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). The foregoing study which was initiated in the United States in 1974, and then subsequent left unfounded was p icked up by the Complutense University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1998 were it was â€Å"†¦discovered that THC could selectively induce programme cell death in brain tumours without affecting healthy cells† (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). In addition, new research and studies have uncovered what other cultures, notably Asian, have known for decades, that marijuana in certain uses does have value as a medicine. In a recent study conducted at the University of California, it was â€Å"†¦found that smoked marijuana was effective at relieving the extreme pain of a debilitating condition known as peripheral neuropathy †¦ (as well as potentially beneficial uses for) †¦ cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and other debilitating illnesses.† (International Herald Tribune, 2007). The foregoing positive uses of cannabis as well as the wide spread use in Asia on an historical basis for medical purposes underlines the rationales for providing the broad based background information which was utilized to set the context that the initial foundational uses of cannabis in that region on an historical basis served a different purpose from its present. That background is important in understanding that the m ental, and historical context in terms of cannabis in the Asian region differed greatly from the policy, and views of the United States, and Europe that impose criminal penalties that have spread to other regions, including Asia as the over riding policy that deals with usage today. In equating the use as well as regional context regarding Pakistan and cannabis, it is important to understand that the country borders China, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan. The preceding is important in that Afghanistan is â€Å"†¦ the principle opium supplier to heroin and morphine base laboratories located in Pakistan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Tajikistan as well as Turkey (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The drug industry provides a livelihood for many of the poor of Afghanistan as well as Tajikistan, and the Peshawar district (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The governmental administration in Pakistan has corrupt elements, subject to the payment of funds to ease controls, and police interference, thus keeping the market fluid (Khan and Wadud, 2001). With Peshawar located extremely close to the Afghanistan border, and Khyber Pass, it is the center of drug trafficking, and thus also fosters a drug supportive culture. The significance of the preceding is that the u nderlying hard drug culture fosters softer drugs use, cannabis, as more acceptable and a lighter form of involvement (United States Department of State, 2006). Cannabis is cultivated as well as grows wild in the region, thus making its availability easy for any resident (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). Figure 1 – Map of Pakistan (unique-century, 2007) The significance of the medicinal historical background as well as the drug industry trade, and the overall poverty of the region set the conditions for drug use among the populace as well, important factors in the understanding of motivations for use, and conditions that drag individuals into use. Important in this understanding is that Afghanistan’s drug trafficking represents an estimated one-third of the overall Gross Domestic Product, which is fostered by a corruption government administration (United States Department of State, 2006). The region itself is also subject to the drug trade as a result of the land expanses of land, and the huge number of individuals living at, and below the poverty line. In addition to the indicated countries, drugs form a big part of the economies of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The heavy undercurrent of drugs, opium, heroin, and thus cannabis represents a lure for a means out of povert y as well as a manner in which a large number of the populace are exposed to drugs at an early age. Pakistan itself traffics in drugs as well as cultivates opium, and is a major transit country for hashish and opiates from Afghanistan (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The country also has unconfirmed labs, and facilities along with an estimated 3 to 5 million addicts. Drug traffickers in Pakistan move product from Afghanistan to Turkey by land, through Iran as well as by sea. The foregoing is also an important consideration in the use of cannabis as a softer drug that is less addictive, and more importantly is affordable as a hard drug substitute in terms of poor economic opportunities as well as physical isolation for Pakistanis (International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 2006). In the Asian region, cannabis is seen as an herb more than a drug. Unlike hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine, cannabis is seen as a social and recreational drug. It is easily grown in almost any type of conditions, and the climate in Pakistan is particularly suited to cultivation. It is important to mention that cannabis in today’s form differs from their culture of the 1960’s and 70’s in that it has been cross bred, and its potency has increased dramatically, estimated by 20 times (Drug Addiction Advice Project, 2007). The last factor, increased potency has changed the dynamics of cannabis to one that borders on the additive qualities of cocaine. Cannabis is a mood-altering drug, which represents one of the key rationales for its use among the improvised peoples of Peshawar as it provides an increased internal feeling of well being and happiness, increases laughter, and also heightens one’s appetite. The preceding are factors in the hard life of poorer Peshawar residents as they have little to be happy about. Cannabis, like alcohol helps people to relax, and in many instances aids them in thinking that it helps them to cope with their problems (Department of Human Services, 2002). 3.1 Actions Against Cannabis The global drug problem has been the subject of immense study as well as policies. A key development that has influenced the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances has been the Inter-American Commission on Drug Policy (Smith, 1992, p. 16). After years of study, the Commission issued a policy report in 1991 that advised that the means to control, and thus reduce global drug use rested in understanding the following dy

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IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERSHIP When parents and practitioners work together it has a positive impact on children’s development and learning. This can be achieved through communication, learning together (e. g. actively involving fathers) and respecting diversity. Be sure to send a text to parent(s) during the day should their child say/do something cute or just to let them know that you’re both having fun together.You could even send them a picture of the delicious pizza their child just created, for example. Parents then feel included and have peace of mind knowing that their child is happy and healthy. First impressions last and so carers, making you and your home warm and welcoming will immediately put parents at ease. Likewise, parents should also be neat and presentable when meeting a prospective childcarer. A two-way flow of information and knowledge between parents and carers ensure effective communication.Having posters and pictures on display which reiterate the car er’s positive attitude towards social and cultural diversity as state in their Equal Opportunities policy will not only give parents a feel for the environment that their children will be in, but also help children and families to recognise that they are valued. Routines are very important for children as they like to know when certain things are going to happen i. e. mealtimes, sleep time, drop-off and collection etc. – they’re key to establishing a sense of stability and care for children and allowing them to master their environment.Wherever possible, all routines should fit in with parents’ wishes (i. e. attitudes re TV, food and sleeping) and should meet the child’s needs. i. e. incorporating child’s interests in nature by collecting leaves/flowers/sticks/stones on walks and perhaps creating a piece of art with them. Make sure routines are based on each individual child and their specific interests/needs. All children develop different stages at different time, but the general sequence of milestones is the same. This means you’ll need to constantly adapt some routines to accommodate the changing needs of children as they develop.For example, as boys get older they really need a lot more physical activity to burn off the energy they have and so more ball games or longer outdoor activities may be required. Upon arrival in the mornings greet each child individually with a warm voice and smile. Mention or comment on something specific that they’re wearing or carrying. Throughout the day listen to them and don’t rush daily tasks. This will make them feel important and cared for. Sources: Riddall-Leech, S, Home-based Childcare pg 131, Essex, Heinemann EYFS 2008 2. 2 Parents as Partners, Communication

Go Green

You hear the word recycling or going green many time trough the years. It is such an important environmental issue and yet, not much is done about this issue. If you ask a random person on the street what they think about recycling, they would say â€Å"it’s good for the environment. † Even though there are so many things said about going green or recycling, not much is done. Recycling can help the environment and we the creatures all around the world.Recycling is important for the environment because recycling reduces greenhouse gas issue and helps stem the dangers of global climate change. If people do not recycle, there would be habitat loss for the many species of magnificent creatures that accompanying us. Recycling reduces the need for raw materials so that the rainforests can be preserved. Possibly a more important reason to recycle is because it will reduce pollution risks in our society.The most obvious way is by keeping waste out of landfills, which introduces contaminants and other toxins into groundwater systems. Recycling also keeps materials out of incinerators, which pollutes the air and create severe ash residue, which is very dangerous for the health. Furthermore, reduce financial output in the economy, making products from raw materials costs much more than if they were made from recycled products. What can you do to recycle? Here are three easy steps you can do.Firstly, you can separate plastic, aluminum, glass, and paper, into different container or bags. Secondly, you can turn the water off when you’re not using it. Thirdly, you can switch to energy- efficient light bulb, which saves you money. In conclusion, Recycling is one of the best ways for you to have a positive impact on the world in which we live. Recycling is important to both the natural environment and us. By doing at least three things can help the planet which we stand.

History of Salvador Dali - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 645 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Salvador Dali Essay Did you like this example? Salvador Dali is known as one of the most well known artist of all time. Through thick or thin he never let anyone stand in the way of himself and his art. His artwork expressed his imagination, creativity, and life like events that took place that affected his emotions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History of Salvador Dali" essay for you Create order These attributes of his paintings is what made him the worlds best known surrealist artist. Salvador Dali also had a strong political opinion which affected his paintings during certain time periods. So Dali did not just paint things off spur of the moment, he took experiences and opinions and added a very different but fascinating twist to them. Some of Dalis friends would even say that he had a very flamboyant personality, but also had a very mischievous behavior. Biography Salvador Dali was born on May 11th, 1904. He was born in a small town in Figueres, Spain. When he was old enough his father enrolled him in a state primary school, but his father soon figured out that Salvador was not fit for public school. His father then enrolled him in a Hispano-French School of Immaculate, where he learned the language of French which was soon to become his cultural background. Salvador then began to go to the outskirts of his town and do group exhibitions and take different lessons with different art teachers. He soon began to figure out the style best fit for his imagination and culture. In the year of 1920 Salvadors father told him that he needed to go to Madrid to study Fine Arts. Salvador agreed to go. In 1922 Salvador received his first award in Barcelona for his piece of artwork called Market. But then things went down hill for a couple of years. In 1923 Salvador was expelled from art school for starting a protest against one of the other painters in the c lass. But at the end of 1924 he was granted to come back to the school and he was also granted another year of education. Then in 1925 Salvador presented his first individual artwork. After he rejected the vanguard, he did not return to the school where he was studying art from until 1926. Through his journeys to different art exhibitions, he ran into other famous artist such as Pablo Picasso. Salvador then began to realize what he was interested in, so toward the end of 1926 Salvador returned to art school to specifically focus on painting. Accomplishments Salvador began to be awarded and received awards pretty much as soon as he started into art school. In the year of 1922, only a couple of months after he started art school, he received his first award. His artwork called Market won the University Vice-Chancellors prize. Although Salvador was expelled from art school for a year, he still continued to make art and go to exhibitions. Salvador even rejected the vanguard because he was determined on questing for a pictorial tradition, only an Italian one though. To do this Dali was making artwork such as Yellow Manifesto which people said was a fierce attack on conventional art. Salvador didnt only do artwork. In 1937 Dali worked on a script for a film entitled Giraffes on Horseback Salad. Although this film was never actually produced, he still showed interest in making a film. Also Salvador would design things such as the Dream of Venus pavilion, which was presented in the world fair of New York. So even when he wasnt going to exhibiti ons and fairs, his artwork was still being recognized all over the world at a variety of events. More Facts about Salvador Dali At the start of World War II Salvador and his girlfriend Gala moved to the United States to get away from the war. In New York there would be plays and shows, although Salvador did not participate in the actual play, he designed all of the sets and costumes for the play.